The amount of heat liberated when unit mass of a fuel is completely burnt in excess of air or oxygen and the products of combustion are cooled to ambient temperature. The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in terms of joules per kilogram or joules per cubic meter depending on whether the fuel is solid, liquid or gaseous. The conventional unit to express the calorific value of a fuel is the British Thermal Unit (BTU) which is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree faren heat at 65 degree faren heat. The calorific value of a solid or liquid fuel is determined by burning a known mass of the fuel in oxygen under high pressure.
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